Dujean Edwards
March 28, 2025
Bipolar disorder: Beyond the two personalities myth
Mental illness in Jamaica is on an alarming rise, and yet, too often, we approach those affected by these debilitating conditions with prejudice and misunderstanding. Those living with mental illness are burdened by the heavy mantle of being social pariahs, their humanity sometimes called into question within our society. This marginalisation only serves to worsen their already fragile conditions.
While there is a broad spectrum of mental health disorders making their mark in Jamaica, one that remains particularly underdiscussed is bipolar disorder. This is an condition that demands our attention — one that, unfortunately, has not been given the prominence it deserves in national conversation.
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According to the World Health Organization (WHO), bipolar disorder is a mental health condition that profoundly impacts an individual’s mood, energy levels, and activity, often resulting in extreme manic or depressive episodes. While it is estimated that approximately 40 million people worldwide are living with bipolar disorder, the true number may be far higher. Many individuals remain undiagnosed or are misdiagnosed, primarily due to the fear of stigma and discrimination — a fear that is, unfortunately, well-founded.
This ongoing hesitation to seek help is a direct consequence of the social prejudices that continue to surround mental illness, particularly conditions like bipolar disorder. The reluctance to speak openly about mental health issues only perpetuates the cycle of suffering, leaving many without the care and support they desperately need. It is crucial that we begin to confront these societal barriers, creating an environment in which individuals can seek help without fear of judgment or marginalisation.
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As we approach World Bipolar Day on March 30, it is crucial to recognise that the day’s mission extends far beyond awareness alone. It seeks to break down the persistent social stigma that continues to shackle those living with this condition, a stigma that has lingered far too long and has had damaging effects on both the individuals and their families.
This day offers an opportunity not only to educate but to engage in the necessary and often uncomfortable conversations that can dismantle the misconceptions surrounding bipolar disorder. By doing so we can foster a more empathetic and informed society in which mental health is treated with the seriousness and dignity it deserves.
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From a personal standpoint, I have witnessed first hand the struggles faced by families and friends who have been ostracised, not only within the confines of mental health institutions but also within society at large. Many have been subjected to questionable treatments, placed on potentially harmful medication, and forced to grapple with the harsh reality of career stagnation, all while facing relentless discrimination from employers.
The treatment of bipolar disorder demands a tactful level of patience and expertise. This is not a condition that can be addressed with a one-size-fits-all approach. It requires careful management, a deep understanding of the nuances of the disorder, and a commitment to long-term care. For those affected, finding the right treatment plan — whether through medication, therapy, or a combination of both — can be a delicate, costly, and ongoing process, one that must be tailored to the individual’s unique needs and circumstances.
Patience, from both health-care providers and loved ones, is essential in helping individuals navigate the complexities of managing this condition.
I had the privilege of discussing this issue recently during the School of Behavioural Sciences Social Work Symposium at the University of the Commonwealth Caribbean, which coincided with the observance of International Social Work Month. During the event, the panel emphasised the critical importance of having highly trained social workers who can play a pivotal role in the early detection and treatment of mental illness, particularly in vulnerable and volatile communities. The discussion highlighted that in these high-risk areas the presence of skilled social workers is essential not only for identifying emerging mental health issues but also for providing the necessary interventions that can significantly improve outcomes for individuals and families alike.
Among the invited speakers were regional social workers who highlighted the profound impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly on students and parents who were forced into isolation. The restrictions led to a surge in mental health challenges, including depression, manic episodes, and increasing signs of social isolation. These professionals stressed the importance of recognising the long-term psychological effects of such isolation and the need for targeted support to help individuals navigate the mental health fallout from the pandemic.
This is a stark reminder that mental illness, particularly neurodegenerative conditions, such as bipolar disorder, is not just a personal battle — it is a societal one. We must earnestly strive to address these issues by ensuring timely and appropriate treatment from the onset. Early intervention is key, and we must raise awareness about the importance of recognising the early signs and symptoms of such conditions. By doing so we can prevent further harm and ensure that those affected are given the support, love, and understanding they deserve.
Dujean Edwards is a lecturer and researcher at the University of the Commonwealth Caribbean (UCC). Send comments to the Jamaica Observer or duedwards@faculty.ucc.edu.jm
