YOU probably know that a dental cavity is a hole in a tooth. But, did you know that a cavity is the result of the tooth decay process that happens over time?

Our mouths are full of bacteria. Hundreds of different types live on our teeth, gums, tongue, and other places in our mouths. Some bacteria are helpful, but some can be harmful, such as those that play a role in the tooth decay process.

Tooth decay is the result of an infection when specific types of bacteria produce acid that destroys the tooth’s enamel and its underlying layer — the dentin.

HOW DOES A CAVITY DEVELOP?

1. Enamel is the hard outer crystal-like layer of the tooth. Dentin is the softer layer beneath the enamel. The pulp chamber contains nerves and blood vessels. It is considered the living part of the tooth.

2. Bacteria that are exposed to sugars or carbohydrates can make acid. The acid attacks the crystal-like substance in the tooth’s outer surface. This process is known as demineralisation. The first sign of this is a chalky white spot. At this stage, the decay process can be reversed. Using fluorides at home and in the dental office can help the tooth repair itself.

3. Demineralisation continues. Enamel starts to break down. Once the enamel surface is broken, the tooth can no longer repair itself. The cavity has to be cleaned and restored by a dentist.

4. The decay reaches into the dentin, where it can spread and undermine the enamel.

5. If decay is left untreated, it will reach the tooth’s pulp. This is where the tooth’s nerves and blood vessels are found. The pulp becomes infected. An abscess (swelling) or a fistula (opening to the surface of the gum) can form in the soft tissues.

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

Cavity symptoms include:

• Toothache;

• Sensitivity to sweet, hot or cold foods or drinks;

• Pain when chewing.

TIPS TO PREVENT TOOTH DECAY

You can help prevent tooth decay by following these tips:

• Brush twice a day with a fluoride toothpaste.

• Clean between your teeth daily with floss or interdental cleaner.

• Eat nutritious and balanced meals and limit snacking.

• Check with your dentist about the use of supplemental fluoride, which strengthens your teeth, and about use of dental sealants (a plastic protective coating) applied to the chewing surfaces of the back teeth (where decay often starts) to protect them from decay.

• Visit your dentist regularly for professional cleanings and oral examination.

Dr Sharon Robinson DDS has offices at the Dental Place Cosmetix Spa located at Shop #5, Winchester Business Centre, 15 Hope Road, Kingston 10. Dr Robinson is an adjunct lecturer at the University of Technology, Jamaica, School of Oral Health Sciences. She may be contacted at 630-4710 or visit the website www.dentalplace4u.com