Pregnant teens and dental health
WHO would’ve thought that these two topics could ever be related? How can the mouth of a pregnant mother be any different from that of anyone else’s?
As if career choices, social acceptance and acne weren’t enough, Jamaica’s youth often struggle with issues which, if not properly coped with, can lead them to drug abuse, eating disorders, mental health problems, and adolescent pregnancy. This transitional and maturing period is characterised by hormonal changes which affect almost all aspects of their body, the orofacial complex being no exception.
With the increased tendency to snack comes the increased risk of developing cavities, but expectant mothers also suffer from morning sickness and vomiting, which erodes the teeth making them weaker and more sensitive. The hormonal changes that are particularly evident in pregnant teens make them prone to inflamed gums (gingivitis) and an overgrowth of gums (gingival hyperplasia). Pregnancy also affects the flow of saliva (which plays an important role in preventing cavities), and it can also exacerbate the effects of gum disease and bone loss (periodontal disease).
Pregnant teens are also at risk for gestational diabetes. While a temporary form of type 2 diabetes mellitus, gestational diabetes increases the risk of both mother and child developing diabetes. Furthermore, it carries with it all the side effects that diabetes can have on oral health, including delayed healing, increased risk of gum disease and cavities.
Studies have shown that untreated oral diseases compromise the health of the pregnant mother and the unborn child (particularly pre-term delivery and low birthweight). It is generally accepted that fillings and deep cleanings should be reserved for the second trimester though treating pain and infections should not be delayed. Dental procedures may require modification for pregnant patients, and non-critical treatment may be postponed upon consultation with your dentist, but dental care must not be overlooked as a component of prenatal care.
Certain medication should be avoided during pregnancy as they can cause developmental disorders to the unborn child. If you are or suspect that you might be pregnant, it is very important that you inform your dentist, be sure to include any medication you are currently taking, whether by prescription or over-the-counter.
Pregnant teens, especially those under 15 years old, are at a higher risk for medical complications; therefore, pregnant and breastfeeding patients should discuss the risks and benefits of treatment with their dentist. Good oral hygiene cannot be overemphasized, especially in pregnant teens as it has long and lasting implications for both the mother and the unborn child.
Dr Sharon Robinson DDS has offices at the Dental Place Cosmetix Spa located at Shop #5, Winchester Business Centre, 15 Hope Road, Kingston 10. She is an adjunct lecturer at the University of Technology, Jamaica School of Oral Health Sciences. Dr Robinson may be contacted at 630-4710.
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